1. How Safe Is It to Speak Up?

Two successive coups within a short period have reversed significant democratic advances. Governance by decree has replaced electoral legitimacy, raising serious concerns about citizens’ ability to participate meaningfully in public life. According to Freedom House, these coups are not purely power grabs; they reflect deeper issues. Popular discontent with civilian governments — especially in conflict-affected states — is often high. Some citizens perceive military rule as a more effective alternative, even if it undermines democratic norms. Freedom House – Burkina Faso

Why it matters: Open expression allows communities to raise concerns, report abuses, and influence decisions that affect daily life.

2. Can Citizens Participate in Decisions That Affect Them?

Reports of arrests, intimidation, and forced conscription targeting journalists, activists, and government critics have created a climate of fear. As independent voices become less safe, public debate narrows and accountability weakens. Foreign media are under particular strain: outlets like RFI and France 24 remain banned.

3. Do Citizens Have Access to Information?

Military regimes often justify their seizures of power on security grounds, pointing to insurgencies, terrorism, or state fragility. Freedom House notes that in many of these countries, the authorities claim their extraordinary measures are needed to combat internal threats. The authorities’ efforts to combat insurgent groups have been accompanied by allegations of civilian harm and sweeping security powers. While addressing insecurity is essential, the balance between protection and respect for human rights remains fragile.

4. Are All Groups Included?

Restrictions on public assembly and the dispersal of peaceful gatherings have significantly reduced the operating space for NGOs, community organizations, and opposition parties. These constraints hinder constructive dialogue and limit avenues for citizen engagement. Independent NGOs, especially those involved in governance monitoring or human rights, report that freedom of association is being restricted – contributing to an environment where dissent is dangerous. See reports from CIVICUS.

5. Is Justice Fair and Accessible for Everyone?

The justice system faces serious challenges, including insufficient autonomy and heightened vulnerability to political influence. Where oversight mechanisms are weakened, corruption risks increase and public confidence in state institutions declines.

6. What Can Citizens Do to Protect Their Freedoms?

• Participate in local governance meetings and community discussions.
• Support independent media and civil society organizations.
• Promote inclusive participation for women, youth, and marginalized groups.
• Stay informed and verify information through reliable sources.